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英语学术论文摘要范文(优选10篇)

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英语学术论文摘要范文 第1篇

For the violation of legitimate rights and interests of consumers a variety of offenses, how to provide for the corresponding legal responsibilities and how the legal liability system reflected the special protection of consumers should be _Consumer Protection Law_ key solved a legal issue.

To solve this legal problem, it is necessary to further establish a regulated market operating order to protect legitimate interests of consumers and improving the legal liability system.

On the one hand is to establish a legal system the concept of protection of consumers;

the other hand, is to improve consumer protection legal liability system.

对于侵犯消费者合法权益的各种违法行为,如何规定相应的法律责任以及在法律责任制度中如何体现对消费者的特别保护,应是《消费者权益保护法》重点解决好的一个法律问题。

要解决好这一法律性问题,就必须进一步建立起规范的市场经营秩序和完善保护消费者合法权益的法律责任制度。

一方面是建立消费者的法律体系保护观念;另一方面是完善消费者权益保护的法律责任制度。

英语学术论文摘要范文 第2篇

电脑已经成为人们和工作中不可缺少的工具,它在给人们带来诸多方便的同时,也带来了一些烦恼和忧虑,因为人们在长期从事电脑工作对健康的影响比较直接的。

电脑和网络使用不当危害健康

一是对身体健康的直接影响。

电脑显示器利用电子枪发射电子束来产生图像,并伴有辐射和电磁波,长期使用会伤害人们的眼睛,诱发一些眼病,如青光眼等;键盘上键位密集,键面有一定的弹力和阻力,长期击键会对手指和上肢不利;操作电脑时,体型和全身难得有变化,操作向着高速、单一、重复等特点发展,强迫体位比重越来越大,容易导致肌肉骨骼系统的疾患,其中,计算机操作时所累及的主要部位有腰、颈、肩、肘、腕部等。

操作电脑过程中注意力高度集中,眼、手指快速频繁运动,使生理、心理过度重负,从而产生睡眠多梦、神经衰弱、头部酸胀、机体免疫力下降,甚至会诱发精神方面的疾患。

这种人易丧失自信,内心时常紧张、烦躁、焦虑不安,最终导致身心疲惫。

二是导致网络综合症。

长期无节制地花费大量时间和精力在互联网上持续聊天、浏览,会导致各种行为异常、心理障碍、人格障碍,交感神经功能部分失调,严重者会发展成网络综合症,该病症表现为:情绪低落、兴趣丧失、睡眠障碍、生物钟紊乱、食欲下降和体重下降、精力不足、精神运动迟缓和激动、自我评价降低、思维迟缓、不愿参加社会活动、很少关心他人、饮酒、滥用药物等。

三是电脑散发的气体危害呼吸系统。

英国过敏症基金会的研究人员最近发表的一份研究报告指出,办公设备会释放有害人体健康的臭氧气体,而主要元凶是电脑、激光打印机等。

这些臭氧气体不仅有毒,而且可能造成某些人呼吸困难,对于那些哮喘和过敏症患者来说,情况就更为严重了。

另外,较长时间待在臭氧气体浓度较高的地方,还会导致肺部发生病变。

怎样减少电脑网络的危害

客观地讲,电脑对人体生理和心理方面的负面影响已日益受到人们的重现。

在电脑普及程度比较高的国家里,“电脑综合症”已成为很普遍的现代病。

为此科学使用电脑,减少电脑和网络的危害十分必要。

一是要增强自我保健意识。

如工作期间要注意适当休息,一般来说,电脑操作人员在连续工作1小时候应该休息10分钟左右。

并且最好到操作室之外活动活动身体。

平时要加强体育锻炼,增强体能,要定期进行身体检查和自我心理测定,一旦发现生理、心理上的有关症状,可在一定时间内适当调整上机时间,缓解症状。

二是注意工作环境。

电脑室内要光线要适宜,不可过亮和过暗,避免光线直接照射在荧光屏上而产生干扰光线,工作室要保持通风干燥,使那些有害气体尽快排出,尽量用非击打式打印机减少噪音等。

三是注意补充营养。

英语学术论文摘要范文 第3篇

随着信息技术的发展和社交网络的'兴起,越来越多的信息传播和分享开始向互联网这个平台转移。

鉴于在杜交网络上信息传播独到的优越性,很多营销者也在社交网络平台上看到了商机和潜力,并希望自己的信息能通过社交网络平台有更好地推广。

本文的目的在于研究这类营销信息中,究竟是什么因素与人们最终的转发行为有关并且影响最大。

以往关于人们的在线行为的研究中,有关于人们的在线购物行为的研究、关于知识在线分享行为的研究但是很少有关于营销信息在线分享行为的研究。

因此,本研究将结合社会学、行为学、经济学、心理学各领域的理论,研究营销信息的传播影响因素。

文章将从社会学交换理论中的期望奖励和交换成本理论中的成本两个变量,加上互联网环境下常见的信任变量,这三个变量对人们在线转发行为的影响为主要研究内容。

同时,将三个变量细分成不同的维度,与一条典型营销信息包含的各个方面结合起来,利用因子分析和回归分析,研究不同维度、不同变量对最终分享行为的影响。

本研究以新浪微博为主要数据收集研究平台,把社交平台上营销信息中具有典型性的有奖转发类信息作为主要研究对象。

研究结果表明,信任的影响最明显,其包含的对信息源、信息内容和制度规范三个维度的信任影响显着;其次是成本,其包含的事前成本和事后成本两个维度均表明影响显着;另外,期望价值及其包含的两个维度对转发的影响都不大。

最后,本研究结合营销信息中包含的关键因素和研究结果,为营销者提供了设计未来营销信息的侧重点的建议,也为社交网站的平台建设提供了参考意见。

本研究结论可从商业应用推广至公益、教育、舆论等各领域的应用,平台适用性也可从新浪微博延伸至微信等其他社交平台,因此十分具有现实意义。

关键词:信息分享;在线行为;信息传播;交换理论;信任;有奖转发

Abstract

As the information technology develops and the social network platform prospers,moreand more information are spreading and shared through the Internet. According to the uniqueadvantage that social network platform owns,

many marketers also see the business andpotential market there. They are also considering spreading the marketing information throughthis platform in a more efficient way.

The research aims at find out those factors that influence peoples online sharing behaviorabout marketing Information on social network sites. In the literature review, there are studiesanalyzing peoples online shopping behavior,

or online knowledge sharing behavior. But thereare few analyzing online marketing information sharing behavior. This study uses theoriesfrom sociology, ethology, economics and psychology to study the influential factors of onlinesharing behavior.

Its based on the three main variances: Expected Reward from sociology andethology, Cost from economics, and Trust from the psychology but always mentioned underthe internet condition.

These three variances were divided into more dimensions and differentcharacters of the marketing information were matched to them. We used factor analysis andregression analysis to find out which factors have more influence.

The data was collectedthrough Sina Weibo platform and sample was based on marketing information of rewardingrepost.

It turns out that Trust has the most obvious influence on the online sharing behavior,including dimensions of trust in information source, trust in information content andinstitutional mechanisms (Seal Programs).

Influence of Cost ranks second,both of the twodimensions are contributive. Expected Reward has the least influence. In the end,

the thesisprovide marketing suggestions and solutions according to the key factors in a and the studys result. The conclusion could be applied not only for commercialusage but also for commonweal,

education or public opinion spreading. It also supports SNSplatforms other than Sina Weibo. All these lead to the conclusion that this study is meaningfulin practise.

Keywords: information sharing; online behavior; information spreading; exchangetheory; trust; rewarding reposts

英语学术论文摘要范文 第4篇

通过对《白鹿原》主题的解读,我们发现它反映的中国传统文化是全面而丰富的;而要研究小说中的传统文化,不仅要从大的方面研究分析传统文化的表现和小农经济下农村的世俗风貌,而且要去分析故事人物中人物的性格特点、他们的社会身份及最后的心路历程,从而得出这其中哪些文化需要我们反思,哪些优秀文化需要我们坚守!传统妇女观、官本位思想、封建社会宗法观念这些是要反思和批判的;而小说中体现的对仁义思想的弘扬和贵刚健自强精神的颂扬是需要我们去坚守和继承的Based on the interpretation of BaiLuYuan themes, we find that it reflects the Chinese traditional culture is the comprehensive and rich, To study the traditional culture, not only the novel from the big traditional culture research analysis of the small-scale peasant economy and rural landscape, under the secular and to analyze story characters personality traits, and their social status and final journey, which we need to reflect what culture, we need to stick to what outstanding culture! Traditional outlook, ranking of feudal society patriarchal thoughts, concepts of these is to reflect and criticism, But the novel of righteousness, and your thoughts of praise is broadened self-improvement and we need to stick to inherit

英语学术论文摘要范文 第5篇

微博是当前最主要的社交媒体之一,它的推广产生了一种新的网络营销方式一微博营销。

企业借助微博平台可以开展一系列的营销活动,以实现其提升知名度,扩大品牌影响力的目的。

微博营销已逐渐成为众多企业不可或缺的营销方式之一。

然而,微博营销作为一种新兴的网络营销方式,它与传统营销方式之间存在重大区别,加之,微博营销效果的影响因素尚未准确界定,营销效果难以科学评价,因此,多数企业开展微博营销存在很大的盲目性,微博营销仍然处于摸索阶段。

微博营销究竟能为企业带来多大效益,这是企业最为关注的问题,然而,对于微博营销效果影响因素及效果评估的科学研宄,目前尚处于稀缺状态。

本文以酒店微博为研宄对象,对微博营销效果的影响因素及营销效果的评估进行深入研究:

在总结现有的关于微博营销的研究基础上,假定各酒店决策层对酒店开展微博营销持有相同的重视程度,主要从受众(微博用户)的角度探究酒店微博营销效果的影响因素。

进而,以AISAS模式为指导,剖析微博用户行为,通过问卷调查,并结合Excel和数据统计分析,构建酒店微博营销效果的影响模型。

在此基础上,提出微博营销效果的评估指标假设模型,进而利用层次分析法构建完整的评估指标体系一以酒店微博营销综合效果为目标层,以影响力效果、传播效果和转化效果为准则层,

以微博影响力、品牌影响力、互动效果、粉丝价值、实际交易量和顾客满意度等8个指标为分准则层,以微博影响力指数、品牌热议度、品牌搜索数等14个指标为指标层。

最后,将此评估指标体系应用于宁波华侨豪生大酒店和宁波海尚大酒店,通过对酒店微博数据的观察和收集,运用综合指数法测算出酒店微博营销效果指数。

结果显示,这两家酒店微博营销效果收效甚微:

1.两家酒店并未充分利用微博展开各类营销活动,微博营销仍处于低水平,微博营销的开展并未使酒店的品牌知名度有明显的提升;

2.关于被转发数、被评论数和点赞数,两家酒店均不理想,粉丝中,认证粉丝比例较低,而活跃粉丝比例较为可观,但互动类活动组织很少,如何吸引大量粉丝关注,提升粉丝价值是两家酒店亟待解决的难题;

3.实际交易量并不乐观,虽然有较高的顾客满意度,但调查期内顾客发布消费体验的微博数却很少。

这两家酒店在一定程度上反映了目前酒店业开展微博营销存在的问题,由此,针对其营销现状,本文还提出了相关对策和建议:

1.准确定位,循序渐进;

2.把握微博发布的频率和最佳时间;

3.微博内容展现个性化;

4.线上线下营销活动巧妙结合;

5.增加有效粉丝,注重与粉丝互动。

关键词:微博营销;影响因素;效果评估;指标体系

ABSTRACT

Weibo is one of the most important social media tools nowadays, thepopularization of Weibo brings a new kind of network marketing - Weibomarketing. Enterprises use Weibo platform can carry out a series ofmarketing activities, in order to raise visibility and expand brand impact.

Weibo marketing has gradually become one of the channels of many companies. However, as a new kind ofnetwork marketing, Weibo marketing has some significant differencefrom traditional marketing.

In addition, the influence factors of Weibomarketing effectiveness has not been precisely defined, and is difficult to scientific assessment. Therefore, the majorityof firms develop the Weibo marketing are blind,

and Weibo marketing isstill at the exploratory stage. How much benefit Weibo marketing canbring for enterprises, which is the enterprise most concern. However, thescientific studies about the influence factors and evaluation of Weibomarketing effect are in a state of scarcity.

This paper takes the hotels Weibo as the research object, and deeplystudies the influence factors and evaluation of the Weibo marketingeffect:

On the basis of summarizing those existing research on Weibomarketing, it is assumed that the decision-makers from different hotelshold tiie same degree of attention on Weibo marketing. Then,

this paperexplores the influence factors of hotels Weibo marketing effect from theWeibo users perspective, analyzes the Weibo users behavior guided byAISAS mode ,

tiirough the questionnaire survey to build the hotel Weibomarketing effect model with statistical software such as Excel and .

On this basis, this paper puts forward tiie Weibo marketing effectevaluation index hypothetical model, and then use AHP to build acomplete evaluation system ,

this system takes the hotels Weibomarketing comprehensive effect as the goal layer, influence effect,communication effect and transformation effect as the criterion layer,takes Weibo influence, brand influence ,

interaction effect, fans value,actual trading volume and customer satisfaction as the sub-criterion layer,and takes 14 indexes such as Weibo influence index, brand hot degreesand brand search as the index layer.

Finally, this evaluation index system is applied to Ningbo HowardJohnson Plaza Hotel and Ningbo Riviera Hotel. Through the observationand data collection of the hotels Weibo, measure the hotel Weibomarketing effect index with the comprehensive index method.

The resultsshow that these two hotels have little effect about Weibo marketing:

1. Both hotels did not make full use of Weibo to launch various marketingactivities, Weibo marketing is still at a low level, and Weibo marketingdid not make the hotel brand awareness has obvious improvement;

hotels are not ideal about the number of transmission, commentand praise by Weibo users. Among their fans, the ratio of certified fans islow, while the ratio of active fans proportion is relatively substantial,

andfew interactive activities are organized. So, how to attract a large numberof fans, and enhance the fans value is an urgent problem;

3. The actualtrading volume is not optimistic. Although there is a higher satisfaction,customers release very few consumption experiences by Weibo during theinvestigation period.

To some extent, both hotels reflect the problemsexisting in the hotel industry to carry out the Weibo marketing, thus, fortheir marketing situation, this article also brings up some suggestions andcountermeasures:

1. Accurate positioning, step by step;

2. Grasp thefrequency and the best time on releasing information;

3. Showpersonalized content;

4. Online and offline marketing activities arecombined together;

5. Increase effective fans, pay attention to interactwith fans.

KEYWORDS: Weibo marketing; Influencing factors; Effect evaluation;Indicator system

英语学术论文摘要范文 第6篇

【ABSTRACT】With the deepening of the globalization, news has become an important part of information communication between different countries.

Whether English news translation is accurate or not may directly affect the quality of our communication with other countries. In English news report discourse, the use of metaphor expressions become more and more.

Due to English news and other stylistic differences, as well as the English and Chinese languages, ethnic differences in ideology in the process of cross-cultural communication, make the translation of English news,

especially English news translation of metaphor put forward great challenge to translators. So how to translate the metaphor in the English news is the mutual concern problem for translation theorists and practitioners to discuss, therefore,

this paper attempts to from the perspective of Nida's functional equivalence theory to discuss the translation of metaphor in English news.

The application of metaphor in English news makes events more distinct and vivid, and also make it easier for English readers to comprehend and understand the news contents.

However, due to the differences in English and Chinese languages, the use of metaphors in English news increases the difficulty of translation. This article attempts from the perspective of Nida's functional equivalence theory to discuss the translation of metaphor in English news,

in order to make Chinese readers better understand the same response and sense of beauty and meaning of metaphors in English news as the original readers.

metaphor Rhetoric is not simple of translation into Chinese in English news from the literal transformation, although some rhetoric or are totally the same in form and content, while this is just a few.

There are cultural differences in English and Chinese languages, influenced by different cultures. People's way of thinking and expression have differences inevitably. When the translator should firstly consciously ponder the intention of the author,

dig the deep meaning hidden behind the metaphor rhetoric of background. Under the functional equivalence theory regard the translator as the guidance, conform to the language habits of the target language readers, make Chinese readers can better understand the translation of metaphor in English news.

KEYWORD:English news; metaphor; functional equivalence theory; translation

【中文摘要】随着全球化的深入,新闻成为不同国家之间交流的重要部分。

英语新闻翻译是否准确将直接影响到我们与其它国家的交流。

英语新闻行文中,隐喻的适用越来越多。

由于英语新闻的风格的不同,以及英语和中文的差异导致跨文化交流的障碍,英语新闻的翻译尤其是隐喻的翻译成为翻译者的难题。

因此如何翻译英语新闻的隐喻成为翻译界共同关心的话题。

因此,本文试图从Nida的功能对等理论出发来讨论英语新闻的隐喻翻译。

英语新闻中的隐喻使得事件变得生动,也使读者更容易理解新闻内容。

然而,由于中英语言的差异,英语新闻隐喻的使用加大了翻译者的难度。

本文从功能对等理论来讨论隐喻的翻译,使得中国读者能和英语本土国家读者对隐喻的意思有一样的反应。

隐喻的修辞不是简单的把英语新闻翻译成中文从字面转换角度,尽管一些修辞基本上形式和内容都差不多,但是这并不多。

中英文有文化差异,由于不同文化的影响。

英语学术论文摘要范文 第7篇

ABSTRACT

This report selected Prime Li Keqiang's speech at press conference of NPC & CPPCC asmaterials and did mimic consecutive interpreting. Focusing on specific problems and difficultiesin interpreting practice, this report analyzed some examples and concluded .

After analyzing the transcribed materials and feedback of audiences, the author summarizedthe following problem and difficulty: 1) difficulty in accurately interpreting some important logicrelations in original text; 2) difficulty in interpreting logic relations in Chinese run-on sentence.

This report uses the theory of Cohesion and Coherence. According to the theoiy, both theoriginal text and target text in consecutive interpreting are discourses. So the interpreter issupposed to fully understand the differences between English and Chinese and convey 狂 coherentdiscourse to audiences. Under the guidance of this theory, this report analyzes some examples andgains corresponding strategies methods: 1) adding conjunctions, converting verb form and usingEnglish clause to solve the problem in accurately interpreting original logic relations; 2) dividingsentences, integrating and simplifying information to solve the problem in interpreting Chineserun-on sentence.

From the perspective of Cohesion and Coherence, this report provides ideas and specificmethods in handling the logical relations in C-E consecutive interpreting, deepening the author'sunderstanding to the same sorts of problems and offering lessons and references for theinterpreting practice in the future.

英语学术论文摘要范文 第8篇

英文论文摘要格式

一、英文论文摘要的种类

摘要主要有三种:学术论文摘要,学术会议摘要及由专门摘要撰写者撰写的摘要。

本文主要探讨学术论文英文摘要。本文所选英文摘要例子均引自国内外语类核心期刊,以体现该研究对象的代表性。Arbor认为,根据撰写方法的不同,学术论文摘要主要有两种:一种是结果式摘要。这种摘要围绕研究发现结果为中心而撰写,有时会附带写上基于发现结果而得出的结论;另外一种是总结陈述式摘要,即对所撰写论文的总结陈述。

还需要注意的是,这片摘要并没有在研究结果的基础上写出据此得出的结论。选择何种方法撰写摘要,主要根据论文内容所属的研究类型和所采取的研究方法而定。本文认为,一般情况下,采用定量研究方法的论文摘要多为“结果式”;采用定性研究方法的'论文摘要多为“总结陈述式”。

二、英文摘要的结构要素

黄国文将英文摘要的结构要素归纳为六个:主题阐述、背景信息、目的陈述、方法论和语料、研究结果、发现和研究所带来的启示和结论,并指出并非所有的论文摘要都完全包括这六个要素,“事实上,一些成分是必选的,而其他成分是可有可无的”。

Slade也认为,“一篇摘要必须包括简明扼要的主题阐述,主要发现及意义,还有结论”。“摘要中一定要有方法和论文内容的重要词句,这样,此篇摘要才会在电脑中被搜索到,进而让读者决定是否阅读”。所以,在撰写摘要时,要根据具体的论文明确判断哪些要素是摘要必须包括的。

三、英文摘要的语法特点

1.英文摘要语句中主语的语法特点

2.英文摘要的时态特点

时态上,摘要也具有其自身的特点。Arbor认为,表示总结的语句通常与一般现在时或现在完成时;表示结果的语句可用过去时。Arbor还指出,“现在时态用于表示结果的语句这一情况通常易发生在自然科学领域而少发生在社会科学领域”。“主观用语的使用也易发生在自然科学领域”。

四、英文论文摘要的书写方法

摘要是论文内容的简要陈述,是一篇完整的、可以独立使用的短文,因而必须具有自含性。即:读者即使不阅读论文的全文也可以从摘要中获得必要的、与论文等量的信息,以判断有无必要阅读全文。摘要一般应包括研究题目的选择理由和目的;研究的方法或者过程;研究的发现或者成果。

五、摘要格式

英文主标题格式:可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“论文英文主标题”,或手动设置(Times New Roman,四号,加粗,居中,段前段后均为0行,单倍行距)。

英文副标题格式:可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“论文英文副标题”,或手动设置(Times New Roman,小四,加粗,居中,段前行,段后0行,单倍行距)。

英文标题下空一行为英文摘要。英文摘要正文格式:可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“英文摘要正文”或手动设置(Times New Roman,小四,行距为固定值20磅)。英文摘要后空一行,另起一行列出英文关键词。“Key words:”格式:首行缩进2字符,Times New Roman,小四,加粗。“Key words:”后紧接英文关键词。关键词之间用分号间隔,最后一个末尾不加标点。英文关键词全部小写。英文关键词格式:Times New Roman,小四,行距为固定值20磅。

英语学术论文摘要范文 第9篇

1. 什么是英文摘要?

ABSTRACT,是用最为浓缩的语言将你论文的核心内容表述出来。删去属于文艺青年的文绉绉的形容词!删去属于二缺青年的“机器译文”!只留下普通、平实的内容。

2. 怎样写英文摘要?

可以按照论文的逻辑结构撰写摘要,如概述、目的、方法、结果、结论、展望的顺序。

概述(30词左右):用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。例如:This paper is…或 This study focuses on…

目的(30词左右):用To…就可以了,没有必要使用 in order to 或者 for the purpose of 等较长的表述。

方法(50词左右):尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤,其中注意时态的使用。常用的词汇有:test,study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。

结果(50词左右):直入主题地摆出结果,如 This paper shows… 或 The results are…

结论(60词左右):删去类似于“The result of the study showedthat…” 的赘语,逐条罗列出结论。

展望(20词左右):指出研究对未来的意义,如 This paper is of greatsignificance in… 或指出不足。

3. 英文摘要有多长?

一般情况下用一段的篇幅完成英文摘要,特殊情况可以分成两到三段,但最好不要超过三段。长度一般为200字到300字之间。

4. 英文摘要用什么语态?

规范的学术文章通常采用被动语态,突出信息。但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚,现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。

5. 英文摘要用什么人称?

最好不要出现I,we等第一人称代词,而是使用第三人称,如the author等。

6. 英文摘要用什么时态?

摘要的时态以一般现在时为主,表示一种存在于自然界的客观规律。在特殊的情况下可以使用一般过去时或现在完成时,用来表明一定范围内的结论或是某一过程的延续性。描述具体的动作时通常用一般过去时,总结主要的结果时通常用一般现在时。

注意:用paper 做主语来描述论文概况时后面常用一般现在时:This paper aimsto focus on… 而采用study 来描述相同的内容时则常用一般过去时:This study investigated…

7. 一定不要出现什么?

不常见的术语,插图,表格,数学公式,化学方程式,中文标点,过多的形容词,无关的背景资料,自我评价等。

英文摘要撰写的一般技巧【2】

由于大多数检索系统只收录论文的摘要部分或其数据库中只有摘要部分免费提供,并且有些读者只阅读摘要而不读全文或常根据摘要来判断是否需要阅读全文,因此摘要的清楚表达十分重要。为确保摘要的“独立性”(stand on its own)或“自明性”(self-contained),撰写中应遵循以下规则:

1. 为确保简洁而充分地表述论文的`IMRD (Introduction, Methods,Results andDiscussion)结构的写作模式,可适当强调研究中的创新、重要之处(但不要使用评价性语言);尽量包括论文中的主要论点和重要细节(重要的论证或数据)。

2. 使用简短的句子,表达要准确、简洁、清楚;注意表述的逻辑性,尽量使用指示性的词语来表达论文的不同部分(层次),如使用“We found that…”表示结果;使用“We suggest that…”表示讨论结果的含义等。

3. 应尽量避免引用文献、图表,用词应为潜在的读者所熟悉。若无法回避使用引文,应在引文出现的位置将引文的书目信息标注在方括号内;如确有需要(如避免多次重复较长的术语)使用非同行熟知的缩写,应在缩写符号第一次出现时给出其全称。

4. 为方便检索系统转录,应尽量避免使用化学结构式、数学表达式、角标和希腊文等特殊符号。

5. 查询拟投稿期刊的读者须知,以了解其对摘要的字数和形式的要求。如果是结构式摘要,应了解其分为几段,使用何种标识、时态,是否使用缩写或简写,等等。

摘要写作的时态【3】

摘要写作时所采用的时态应情况而定,力求表达自然、妥当。写作中可大致遵循以下原则:

1. 介绍背景资料时,如果句子的内容为不受时间影响的普遍事实,应使用现在式;如果句子的内容是对某种研究趋势的概述,则使用现在完成式。

例如:

The authors review risk and protectivefactors for drug abuse, assess a number of approaches for drug abuse preventionpotential with high-risk groups, and make recommendations for research andpractice. [Psychological Bulletin, 1992, 112 (1): 64-105]

Previous research has confirmed fourdimensions of temperament: …. [Archives of General Psychiatry, 1993, 50 (12):975-990]

2. 在叙述研究目的或主要研究活动时,如果采用“论文导向”,多使用现在式(如:This paper presents…);如果采用“研究导向”,则使用过去式(如:This study investigated…)。

This article summarizes research onself-initiated and professionally facilitated change of addictive behaviorsusing the key transtheoretical constructs of stages and processes of change.[American Psychologist, 1992, 47 (9): 1102-1114]

We investigated whether captopril couldreduce morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunctionafter a myocardial infarction. [New England Journal of Medicine, 1992, 327(10): 669-677]

3. 概述实验程序、方法和主要结果时,通常用现在式。

We describe a new molecular approach toanalyzing the genetic diversity of complex microbial populations. [Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology, 1993, 59 (3): 695-700]

Our results indicate that p21 may be auniversal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. [Nature, 1993, 366 (6456): 701-704]

4. 叙述结论或建议时,可使用现在式、臆测动词或may,should, could等助动词。

We suggest that climate instability in theearly part of the last interglacial may have delayed the melting of the Saaleanice sheets in America and Eurasia, perhaps accounting for this discrepancy.[Nature, 1993, 364 (6434): 218-220]

英语学术论文摘要范文 第10篇

ABSTRACT

The material of the interpretation project is Apple's 2013 iPhone media event heldin Cupertino on September 11, 2013. First of all, the interpreter had a simulated E-Csimultaneous interpretation of the video (no subtitles) of the event. The audiences werefive non-English major Apple lovers. Then, based on Skopos Theory, the interpreteranalyzed difficulties of the interpreting process and wrote this report.

”Apple 5c 5s Event“ belongs to technology product event. It has the features ofprofessional terminology and mass information. The difficulties of the practice can bedescribed as two aspects, they are: (1) interpretation of electronics terminology; (2)identification and processing of redundancy.

According to Skopos Theory, translation is a purposeful communicative action,and the skopos determines the whole translation procedure. The skopos of this project isto offer up-to-date product information to audiences who don't understand English andthe interpretation should be faithful and concise.

Given the above difficulties, the following interpretation strategies can be adopted:(1) prediction according to the context and speculation according to common sense; (2)reduction of unimportant information and combination of repeated information.

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